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Most societies in today's world are multilingual. 'Language contact' occurs when speakers of different languages interact and their languages influence each other. This book is an introduction to the subject, covering individual and societal multilingualism, the acquisition of two or more languages from birth, second language acquisition in adulthood, language change, linguistic typology, language processing and the structure of the language faculty. It explains the effects of multilingualism on society and language policy, as well as the consequences that long-term bilingualism within communities can have for the structure of languages. Drawing on the author's own first-hand observations of child and adult bilingualism, the book provides a clear analysis of such phenomena as language convergence, grammatical borrowing, and mixed languages.
Multilingualism --- Second language acquisition --- Multilingualism. --- Second language learning --- Language acquisition --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Language and languages --- Psycholinguistics --- Sociolinguistics --- Second language acquisition. --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics
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Domari is an Indo-Aryan language that is now highly endangered. Its speakers were traditionally nomadic metalworkers and musicians who lived in tiny, geographically scattered and socially isolated communities throughout the Middle East. The grammar is based on conversational material recorded in Jerusalem in the mid-1990s with some of the last speakers of this particular variety.
Indic languages --- Grammar --- Domaaki language --- Indo-Aryan languages --- Dumāki (Langue) --- Langues indo-aryennes --- Grammaire --- Indic languages (Indo-Aryan) --- Bericho language --- Dom language --- Doma language --- Dumaki language --- Indo-Iranian languages --- Indo-Aryan languages, Modern --- Grammar. --- Domari. --- Gypsy Languages. --- Indo-Aryan Languages. --- Middle Eastern Languages.
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"Manifestations of language contact are found in a great variety of domains, including language acquisition, language processing and production, conversation and discourse, social functions of language and language policy, typology and language change, and more. This makes it a special challenge to compile an overview of the subject. Most introductory works devoted to contact linguistics have hitherto chosen to specialise either in the individual-synchronic aspects of bilingualism, or in structural-diachronic aspects of contact-induced language change. This book introduces an integrated theory of language contact, within which the study of these various domains can be bound together"--
Multilingualism --- Second language acquisition --- Langue seconde --- Multilingualism. --- Multilinguisme. --- Second language acquisition. --- Acquisition. --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Language and languages --- Second language learning --- Language acquisition
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Romani is a language of Indo-Aryan origin which is spoken in Europe by the people known as 'Gypsies' (who usually refer to themselves as Rom). There are upwards of 3.5 million speakers, and their language has attracted increasing interest both from scholars and from policy-makers in governments and other organizations during the past ten years. This 2002 book is the first comprehensive overview in English of Romani. It provides a historical linguistic introduction to the structures of Romani and its dialects, as well as surveying the phonology, morphology, syntactic typology and patterns of grammatical borrowing in the language. This book provides an essential reference for anyone interested in this fascinating language.
Romani language.
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Gypsy language
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Romany language
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Rommany language
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Indo-Aryan languages, Modern
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Romanies
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Languages
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Arts and Humanities
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Language & Linguistics
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Morphologie.
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Phonologie.
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Romani
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Syntax.
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Tsigane (Langue).
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Zigeunertalen.
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Romani
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Romani is one of Britain's oldest and most established minority languages. Brought to the country by Romani immigrants from continental Europe in the sixteenth century or even earlier, it was spoken in its old, inflected form as a family and community language until the second half of the nineteenth century, when it yielded to English. But even after its decline as the everyday language of English and Welsh Gypsies, Romani continues to survive in the form of a vocabulary that is used to express an 'emotive mode' of communication among group members. This book examines British Romani in its historical context and in its present-day form, drawing on recordings and interviews with speakers. It documents the Romani vocabulary and its usage patterns in conversation, offering insight into the processes of language death and language revitalization. The volume includes an extensive lexicon of Angloromani as a helpful reference.
Romani language --- Gypsy language --- Romany language --- Rommany language --- Indo-Aryan languages, Modern --- Romanies --- History. --- Spoken Romani --- Languages --- Spoken Romani. --- Grossbritannien. --- Romani (Sprache)
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A language of Indic origin heavily infuenced by European idioms for many centuries now, Romani provides an interesting experimental field for students of language contact, linguistic minorities, standardization, and typology. Approaching the language via its ever-surfacing character as a language in contact, the volume gives expression to part of the wide range or research represented in today's field of Romani linguistics. Contributions focus on problems in typological change and structural borrowing, lexical borrowing and lexcial reconstruction, the Iranian influence on the language, interdi
Romani language --- Languages in contact --- Gypsy language --- Romany language --- Rommany language --- Indo-Aryan languages, Modern --- Romanies --- Languages
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Grammar --- Pragmatics --- Indo-European languages
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“Gypsies” have lived among Europeans since the Middle Ages. Yet Roms still seem exotic to Westerners, who often rely on fictional depictions for what they know, or think they know, about this much-misunderstood people. The Romani Gypsies challenges stereotypes that have long been the unwelcome travel companions of this community in Europe and the New World. Yaron Matras offers a perspective-changing account of who the Roms are, how they live today, and how they have survived over centuries. Descendants of Indian migrants, Roms began moving into western Europe in the 1300s, refugees of a collapsing Byzantine Empire. By the 1500s they had spread throughout Europe, working as itinerant smiths and toolmakers, healers and entertainers, and would soon reach the Americas. Often described as Egyptian—hence the name Gypsies—they were ostracized as beggars, vilified as criminals, respected as artisans, and idealized as free spirits. They have been both enslaved and protected, forced to settle down and forcibly expelled, in a pattern of manipulation and persecution that persists in our own time. Matras draws on decades of first-hand research into Romani life to explain the organization of Romani society, its shared language, history, and traditions, as well as differences among widely dispersed Romani groups. He also details the present-day dilemmas surrounding the struggle of Roms for political recognition in European countries which are, by turns, either ambivalent or openly hostile.
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